LITERARY TERMS
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The following are literary terms with which all students of literature should be familiar and able to use in literary analyses and tests.

general||fiction||non-fiction||poetry||drama

GENERAL

GENRE
    Belles-Lettres
    Conventions
    Prose
    Fiction
    Non-fiction
    Poetry
    Drama
    Myth
    Parable 
    Fable
    Legend
    Allegory
    Romance
    Gothic
    Satire
   
Parody
CHARACTERS
   stock character
   flat character
   round character
   static character
   dynamic character
   protagonist
      hero(ine)
      anti-hero(ine)
   antagonist
SETTING
   
Atmosphere
    Mood
INTENTION
   
Literal/concrete level
    Interpretative/abstract level
    carpe diem
    ubi sunt
STYLE
    Diction
       
concrete
        abstract
         poetic diction
    Denotation
    Connotation
    Dialect
    Influence
TONE
   
Sentimentality
    Irony
       ironic point of view
       verbal irony
        situational irony
        dramatic irony
        cosmic irony
    Hyperbole
    Understatement (meiosis or litotes)
   
Didactic
    Paradox
    Ambiguity
IMAGERY
   
visual
    auditory
    tactile
    olfactory
    gustatory
   
synaesthesia
FIGURES OF SPEECH
   
Allusion
    Metaphor
    Simile
    Personification
   
Apostrophe
    Symbol
       Traditional
       Representational
      
Symbolic Act

FICTION

GENRE
   
Short Story
    Novella
    Novel
    Novelle
    Tale
    Romance
    Fabliau
    Lai
    Fairytale
    Folktale
    Realistic story
    Rites of Passage
    Science fiction/ fantasy
    Utopia/ Dystopia
    Magical Realism
STRUCTURE
   
Narrative Stance:
       Participant narrator (1st person)
            major (protagonist)
            minor (observer)
        Non-participant narrative modes (3rd person)
            omniscient
            objective
            editorial
       Narrative modes (1st person)
            interior monologue
            dramatic monologue
            detached autobiography (memoir)
            epistolary (letter)
            diary
            stream-of consciousne
        Unreliable or naive narrator
    Plot
      
Subplot
       Chronological order
       Causal order
       In media res
       Flashback
       Foreshadowing
       Exposition
       Conflict
       Climax
       Denouement
       Suspense
       Surprise
       Epiphany
       Frame
       Twist ending

NON-FICTION

GENRE
   
Essay
        Formal
        Informal
    Letter
    Diary/Journal
    Editorial
    Criticism

POETRY

VOICE
    Persona
   
Narrative
    Lyric
    Dramatic
GENRE
    Narrative poetry
       Epic
            traditional
            literary
        Ballad
            popular
            broadside
            literary
    Lyric poetry
       Ode
       Elegy
       Sonnet
STRUCTURE
   
Stanza
        couplet
        heroic couplet
        tercet
        triplet
        terza rima
   
     quatrain
        common measure
        ballad stanza
   Closed form
        epigram
        blank verse
        sonnet
            Petrarchan (Italian)
            Shakespearean (English)
        haiku
        villanelle
        sestina
        limerick
        syllabic verse
    Open form/free verse
        shaped verse
        concrete poem
        found poem
    Incremental repetition
SOUND
   
rhyme
        exact
        near or half
        eye
        end
        internal
        masculine
        feminine
    alliteration
    assonance
    euphony
    cacophony
    onomatopoeia
METER
   
rhythm
    scansion
    lines:
        monometer
        dimeter
        trimeter
        tetrameter
        pentameter
        hexameter
        heptameter
        octameter
    stress
    feet:
        iamb
        trochee
        anapest
        dactyl
        spondee
        pyrrhic
    cesura

DRAMA

Theatre
SCRIPT
    ritual
    dramatic structure
        dialogue
        act
        scene
GENRE
        drama
        tragedy
        comedy
            farce
            comedy of manners
        melodrama
        musical
ACTOR
    imitation
    role-playing
    gesture
STAGE
    proscenium stage
    arena stage
    thrust stage
    raked stage
    upstage/downstage
    stage right/stage left
    centerstage
    apron
    mise-en-scene : scenery, properties, set pieces, lighting
AUDIENCE
  
fourth wall
PRODUCTION
    producer
    director
    designers: set, lights, costumes
    stage manager
    technicians
    grips
    wardrobe
    house staff
    business staff
    publicity
GREEK THEATRE
  
Dionysus
    Apollo
    dithyramb
  
City Dionysia
    archon

    choregus
   
chorus
   TRAGEDY
        trilogy
        satyr play
        hamartia
  
      peripeteia
  
      hubris
  
      anagnorisis
  
      katharsis
       
tragic structure:
            prologos (prologue)
           parados (entry of chorus)
            episodia (episodes)
            stasima (choral odes)
            paean (hymn to gods)
            epode (final ode)
            exodos (final scene)
    COMEDY
       
Old Comedy
            contemporary satire
            bawdy
        New Comedy
    Aristotelian unities:
        unity of time
        unity of place
        unity of action (plot)
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE THEATRE
   GENRE:
  
     interlude
        school drama
            University Wits
            Inns of Court
        history or chronicle plays
        comedy
            festive ritual
           comedy of humors
            romantic or pastoral comedy
            Feast of Fools
        tragedy
            Senecan revenge tragedy
            romantic tragedy
            historic tragedy
        problem plays   
    STAGE
  
     pit or yard
        groundlings
        boxes
        galleries
        thrust or platform stage
        forestage or mainstage
        rear doors
        discovery space
        second level
        third level
        trap doors
   ACTING COMPANIES
  
     shareholders
        hirelings
        apprentices
        choir boys
        Lord Chamberlain's Men/The King's Men
            The Globe 1599-1613
            Blackfriars Theatre
    STOCK CHARACTERS
  
     miles gloriosus
  
     senex
  
     shrew
        fool
        idiotes (malcontents)
        pedant                       
        humor character (see comedy of humors)
        "calumniator believed"
        master/servant relationship
   CONVENTIONS
  
     uncertain identity
        transvestism
        twinning
        hallucination
        blank verse: "Marlowe's mighty line"
        soliloquy
        aside

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For text help, consult:

Harmon and Holman, A Handbook to Literature
Preminger, et al.,The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. 
Both are available in the reference section in the library.

For online help, check out: 

Bob's Byway: "This site features a unique Glossary of Poetic Terms, plus Examples of Poetic Terms from the works of prominent poets, Tips for the Enjoyment of Poetry and A Selection of Bob's Poems. Also, you will find helpful links to relevant poetic, literary, and reference websites."

Literary Vocabulary: "This webpage contains alphabetical lists of literary terms and their definitions. It focuses in particular on medieval literature and the most recent entries deal with the history of the English language."

All American: Glossary of Literary Terms: alphabetical list of literary terms with definitions and examples.

A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples: classical rhetorical devices, briefly defined with literary examples.

 

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