LITERARY
TERMS

The following are literary terms with which all students of literature should be familiar and able to use in literary analyses and tests.
general||fiction||non-fiction||poetry||drama
GENERAL
GENRE
Belles-Lettres
Conventions
Prose
Fiction
Non-fiction
Poetry
Drama
Myth
Parable
Fable
Legend
Allegory
Romance
Gothic
Satire
Parody
CHARACTERS
stock character
flat character
round character
static character
dynamic character
protagonist
hero(ine)
anti-hero(ine)
antagonist
SETTING
Atmosphere
Mood
INTENTION
Literal/concrete level
Interpretative/abstract level
carpe diem
ubi sunt
STYLE
Diction
concrete
abstract
poetic diction
Denotation
Connotation
Dialect
Influence
TONE
Sentimentality
Irony
ironic point of view
verbal irony
situational irony
dramatic irony
cosmic irony
Hyperbole
Understatement (meiosis or litotes)
Didactic
Paradox
Ambiguity
IMAGERY
visual
auditory
tactile
olfactory
gustatory
synaesthesia
FIGURES OF SPEECH
Allusion
Metaphor
Simile
Personification
Apostrophe
Symbol
Traditional
Representational
Symbolic
Act
GENRE
Short Story
Novella
Novel
Novelle
Tale
Romance
Fabliau
Lai
Fairytale
Folktale
Realistic story
Rites of Passage
Science fiction/ fantasy
Utopia/ Dystopia
Magical Realism
STRUCTURE
Narrative Stance:
Participant narrator (1st person)
major (protagonist)
minor
(observer)
Non-participant narrative modes (3rd person)
omniscient
objective
editorial
Narrative modes (1st person)
interior monologue
dramatic monologue
detached
autobiography (memoir)
epistolary (letter)
diary
stream-of
consciousne
Unreliable or naive narrator
Plot
Subplot
Chronological order
Causal order
In media res
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Exposition
Conflict
Climax
Denouement
Suspense
Surprise
Epiphany
Frame
Twist ending
GENRE
Essay
Formal
Informal
Letter
Diary/Journal
Editorial
Criticism
VOICE
Persona
Narrative
Lyric
Dramatic
GENRE
Narrative poetry
Epic
traditional
literary
Ballad
popular
broadside
literary
Lyric poetry
Ode
Elegy
Sonnet
STRUCTURE
Stanza
couplet
heroic couplet
tercet
triplet
terza rima
quatrain
common measure
ballad stanza
Closed form
epigram
blank verse
sonnet
Petrarchan (Italian)
Shakespearean (English)
haiku
villanelle
sestina
limerick
syllabic verse
Open form/free verse
shaped verse
concrete poem
found poem
Incremental repetition
SOUND
rhyme
exact
near or half
eye
end
internal
masculine
feminine
alliteration
assonance
euphony
cacophony
onomatopoeia
METER
rhythm
scansion
lines:
monometer
dimeter
trimeter
tetrameter
pentameter
hexameter
heptameter
octameter
stress
feet:
iamb
trochee
anapest
dactyl
spondee
pyrrhic
cesura
Theatre
SCRIPT
ritual
dramatic structure
dialogue
act
scene
GENRE
drama
tragedy
comedy
farce
comedy of
manners
melodrama
musical
ACTOR
imitation
role-playing
gesture
STAGE
proscenium stage
arena stage
thrust stage
raked stage
upstage/downstage
stage right/stage left
centerstage
apron
mise-en-scene : scenery, properties, set pieces,
lighting
AUDIENCE
fourth wall
PRODUCTION
producer
director
designers: set, lights, costumes
stage manager
technicians
grips
wardrobe
house staff
business staff
publicity
GREEK THEATRE
Dionysus
Apollo
dithyramb
City Dionysia
archon
choregus
chorus
TRAGEDY
trilogy
satyr play
hamartia
peripeteia
hubris
anagnorisis
katharsis
tragic structure:
prologos
(prologue)
parados (entry
of chorus)
episodia
(episodes)
stasima
(choral odes)
paean
(hymn to gods)
epode
(final ode)
exodos
(final scene)
COMEDY
Old Comedy
contemporary
satire
bawdy
New Comedy
Aristotelian unities:
unity of time
unity of place
unity of action (plot)
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE THEATRE
GENRE:
interlude
school drama
University
Wits
Inns of Court
history or chronicle plays
comedy
festive
ritual
comedy of humors
romantic or
pastoral comedy
Feast of
Fools
tragedy
Senecan
revenge tragedy
romantic
tragedy
historic
tragedy
problem plays
STAGE
pit or yard
groundlings
boxes
galleries
thrust or platform stage
forestage or mainstage
rear doors
discovery space
second level
third level
trap doors
ACTING COMPANIES
shareholders
hirelings
apprentices
choir boys
Lord Chamberlain's Men/The King's Men
The Globe
1599-1613
Blackfriars
Theatre
STOCK CHARACTERS
miles gloriosus
senex
shrew
fool
idiotes (malcontents)
pedant
humor character (see comedy of
humors)
"calumniator believed"
master/servant relationship
CONVENTIONS
uncertain identity
transvestism
twinning
hallucination
blank verse: "Marlowe's mighty
line"
soliloquy
aside
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For text help, consult:
Harmon and Holman, A Handbook to Literature
Preminger, et al.,The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics.
Both
are available in the reference section in the library.
For online help, check out:
Bob's Byway: "This site features a unique Glossary of Poetic Terms, plus Examples of Poetic Terms from the works of prominent poets, Tips for the Enjoyment of Poetry and A Selection of Bob's Poems. Also, you will find helpful links to relevant poetic, literary, and reference websites."
Literary Vocabulary: "This webpage contains alphabetical lists of literary terms and their definitions. It focuses in particular on medieval literature and the most recent entries deal with the history of the English language."
All American: Glossary of Literary Terms: alphabetical list of literary terms with definitions and examples.
A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples: classical rhetorical devices, briefly defined with literary examples.
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